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Glomerulonephritis is inflammation of the glomeruli, the tiny filters inside the kidneys, and it can quietly cause protein and blood in the urine for years before kidney function declines. It includes several different diseases, such as IgA nephropathy, the most common worldwide, and FSGS, which often affects younger adults. For a long time treatment was limited to blood pressure medicines and broad immune suppression. Recent years brought the first targeted treatments for some forms, and many more are now being tested to protect kidney function before damage becomes permanent.