Recruiting

Observational Study

Sponsor:

National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)

Code:

NCT04631042

Conditions

Typical Development

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

Conduct Disorder

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Eligibility Criteria

Sex: All

Age: 6 - 70+

Healthy Volunteers: Not accepted

Study Details

Brief summary:

Background:

Impulsivity is acting 'without thinking.' Compulsivity is being overly inflexible. People vary in how impulsive or compulsive they are. Extreme versions of these behaviors play a role in mental disorders. Researchers want to study changes in the brain to learn more about these behaviors. Differences in genes may also play a role.

Objective:

To learn about genetic \& brain features that explain why levels of impulsivity and compulsivity vary across people.

Eligibility:

People ages 6 - 80

Design:

Participants will be screened with a medical history and medical record review.

Participants will talk about their mental and behavioral development. They may discuss topics like drug use and sexual activity. They will complete surveys about their compulsivity and impulsivity. Parents of child participants may also complete these surveys.

Participants may take memory, attention, and thinking tests. They may give blood or saliva samples for gene studies and they may give blood to make induced pluripotent stem cells. Participants may have their face and irises photographs taken.

Participants may have a magnetic resonance imaging scan. It will take pictures of their brain. The scanner is shaped like a cylinder. Participants will lie on a table that slides in and out of the scanner. A coil will be placed over their head. They will lie still, watch a movie, and play a game.

Participants may ask family members to join the study. Researchers are particularly interested in recruiting twin pairs to the study.

Participants under age 25 may repeat these tests every 1-2 years until they turn 25 or until the study ends. For those over age 25, participation will last less than 1 month.

Conditions

Typical Development

Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

Conduct Disorder

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Study ID

NCT04631042

Start date

Sep 30, 2022

Status verified date

Aug 28, 2026

Completion date

Dec 31, 2031

Anticipated

Primary completion date

Dec 31, 2030

Anticipated

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

Sex: All

Age: 6 - 70+

Healthy Volunteers: Not accepted

  • INCLUSION CRITERIA:

In order to be eligible to participate in this study, an individual must meet all of the following criteria:

1. Stated willingness to comply with all study procedures and availability for the duration of the study.
2. Must be between 6 and 80 years of age.
3. Ability of participant to understand and the willingness to sign a written informed consent document.

EXCLUSION CRITERIA:

An individual who meets any of the following criteria will be excluded from participation in this study:

1. Cognitively not capable of performing study procedures or lack of capacity to provide informed consent. Indications of a lack of cognitive capacity could include a known full-scale IQ under 70, or a history from the screening interview that implies global intellectual disabilities (e.g., placement in a school for children with intellectual disability etc.)
2. Very premature birth (i.e., birth before 32 weeks of gestational age).
3. Any known brain abnormalities (e.g., tumor, periventricular leukomalacia, microcephaly) or history of medical conditions known to affect cerebral anatomy (e.g., epilepsy, history of stroke, head injury with a loss of consciousness of one hour or more).
4. Psychotic disorders (including schizophrenia, psychosis not otherwise specified).
5. Dementia, or other conditions that, in the opinion of the investigators, would impede compliance or possibly hinder completion of the study.
6. Pregnant women.
7. Any other medical or psychiatric condition that in the opinion of the PI may confound study data/assessments.

Additional exclusion criteria for optional MRI procedure:

1\. Individuals who are not able to receive an MRI (e.g., metal bioimplants, claustrophobia, inability to lie flat on their backs, pregnant women, and any other contraindications for MRI scanning according to the NMR Center MRI safety guidelines).

Study Design

Enrollment

1100 participants

Anticipated

Interventions and Outcome Measures

Arms

impulsive compulsive

Individuals between 6 and 80 years of age with a wide range of impulsivity/compulsivity behaviors - ranging from normal to mildly/extremely impaired.

Primary outcome measure

  • Glutamate concentration measured using Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy [ Time Frame: Yearly if possible ]
  • Heritability of cortical glutamate (proportion of variance explained by additive genetic factors). [ Time Frame: Baseline ]

Central Contacts and Locations

Central contacts

Locations

National Institutes of Health Clinical Center

Recruiting

Bethesda, Maryland, United States, 20892

Contacts

For more information at the NIH Clinical Center contact Office of Patient Recruitment (OPR)

800-411-1222prpl@cc.nih.gov

More Information

Sponsor

National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH)

Last update posted

Sep 1, 2026

Last verified

Aug 28, 2026

Keywords

  • Neurodevelopmental disorder
  • Twin
  • Natural History
  • Heritability
  • Glutamate
  • developmental trajectory
  • Brain Connectivity

Trial information was received from ClinicalTrials.gov and was last updated on 2026-09-14. This information was provided to ClinicalTrials.gov by National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) on 2026-09-01.