Brain StimulationStudying Language With Brain Stimulation in Aphasia

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Diagnosis of non-fluent aphasia due to a single, left-hemisphere stroke
2. ≧ six months post-stroke onset
3. WAB-R Fluency, Grammatical Competence, and Paraphasias Score between 2-6
4. 18+ years of age
5. Premorbidly right-handed
6. English-speaking
7. Ability to participate in fMRI / TMS protocol

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Cardiac pacemaker or pacemaker wires; neurostimulators; implanted pumps
2. Metal in the body (rods, plates, screws, shrapnel, dentures, IUD) or metallic particles in the eye
3. Surgical clips in the head or previous neurosurgery
4. Any magnetic particles in the body
5. Cochlear implants
6. Prosthetic heart valves
7. Epilepsy or any other type of seizure history
8. History of significant head trauma (i.e., extended loss of consciousness, neurological sequelae)
9. Significant other disease (heart disease, malignant tumors, mental disorders)
10. Significant claustrophobia
11. Ménière's disease
12. Medications that increase risk of seizures, for instance antipsychotic and antidepressant medications acting primarily on the central nervous system, which lower the seizure threshold such as antipsychotic drugs (chlorpromazine, clozapine) or tricyclic antidepressants
13. Non-prescribed drug use, for instance recreational marijuana
14. Unable to refrain from using any alcohol and nicotine products for at least 24 hours before the study Visits.