Arms
active comparator: Condition 1
Fixed guideline-based sleep goal, Digital sleep health messaging without virtual study visit consultation, Inactive caregiver-directed loss-framed incentive, Inactive supportive feedback.
active comparator: Condition 2
Fixed guideline-based sleep goal, Digital sleep health messaging without virtual study visit consultation, Inactive caregiver-directed loss-framed incentive, Active supportive feedback.
active comparator: Condition 3
Fixed guideline-based sleep goal, Digital sleep health messaging without virtual study visit consultation, Active caregiver-directed loss-framed incentive, Inactive supportive feedback.
active comparator: Condition 4
Fixed guideline-based sleep goal, Digital sleep health messaging without virtual study visit consultation, Active caregiver-directed loss-framed incentive, Active supportive feedback.
active comparator: Condition 5
Fixed guideline-based sleep goal, Digital sleep health messaging with virtual study visit consultation, Inactive caregiver-directed loss-framed incentive, Inactive supportive feedback.
active comparator: Condition 6
Fixed guideline-based sleep goal, Digital sleep health messaging with virtual study visit consultation, Inactive caregiver-directed loss-framed incentive, Active supportive feedback.
active comparator: Condition 7
Fixed guideline-based sleep goal, Digital sleep health messaging with virtual study visit consultation, Active caregiver-directed loss-framed incentive, Inactive supportive feedback.
active comparator: Condition 8
Fixed guideline-based sleep goal, Digital sleep health messaging with virtual study visit consultation, Active caregiver-directed loss-framed incentive, Active supportive feedback.
active comparator: Condition 9
Personalized sleep goal, Digital sleep health messaging without virtual study visit consultation, Inactive caregiver-directed loss-framed incentive, Inactive supportive feedback.
active comparator: Condition 10
Personalized sleep goal, Digital sleep health messaging without virtual study visit consultation, Inactive caregiver-directed loss-framed incentive, Active supportive feedback.
active comparator: Condition 11
Personalized sleep goal, Digital sleep health messaging without virtual study visit consultation, Active caregiver-directed loss-framed incentive, Inactive supportive feedback.
active comparator: Condition 12
Personalized sleep goal, Digital sleep health messaging without virtual study visit consultation, Active caregiver-directed loss-framed incentive, Active supportive feedback.
active comparator: Condition 13
Personalized sleep goal, Digital sleep health messaging with virtual study visit consultation, Inactive caregiver-directed loss-framed incentive, Inactive supportive feedback.
active comparator: Condition 14
Personalized sleep goal, Digital sleep health messaging with virtual study visit consultation, Inactive caregiver-directed loss-framed incentive, Active supportive feedback.
active comparator: Condition 15
Personalized sleep goal, Digital sleep health messaging with virtual study visit consultation, Active caregiver-directed loss-framed incentive, Inactive supportive feedback.
experimental: Condition 16
Core intervention, Sleep goal, Sleep guidance messaging, Caregiver-directed loss-framed incentive, Supportive feedback.
Interventions
Fixed sleep goal
Investigators will determine if a fixed guideline-based goal (≥9 hours per night) is more efficacious for increasing sleep duration.
Personalized sleep goal
Investigators will determine if a personalized goal (≥9 hours per night, but can be lowered to a personalized level, capped at +30 minutes per night above baseline) is more efficacious for increasing sleep duration.
Digital sleep health messaging without virtual study visit
All participants will receive digital sleep health messaging. Messaging will focus on evidence-based sleep health recommendations, such as regulating evening electronics use, managing extracurricular activities, and setting consistent bedtime routines and sleep-wake schedules. This group will NOT have virtual psychological visits.
Digital sleep health messaging with virtual study visit
All participants will receive digital sleep health messaging. Messaging will focus on evidence-based sleep health recommendations, such as regulating evening electronics use, managing extracurricular activities, and setting consistent bedtime routines and sleep-wake schedules. The participants will be randomized to additionally receive virtual study visits where doctoral-level psychology trainees will be trained to implement evidence-based behavioral sleep health guidance.
Inactive Parent-Directed Loss-Framed Incentive
No parental incentive
Active Parent-Directed Loss-Framed Incentive
Parents will receive a financial incentive when their child achieves their sleep goal. The incentive will be loss-framed; parents will receive an endowment of $10 at the start of each intervention week, in a virtual bank account; Investigators will deduct $2 each weeknight the sleep duration goal is not met; the funds remaining in the virtual account will be dispensed each Sunday. The weekly endowment-payment approach allows for fresh starts each week. The incentive will be directed at parents as a method to enhance engagement. Investigators will ask parents at baseline and at the end of each month to rate their perceived support in helping their child to meet their sleep duration goal.
Inactive Supportive Feedback
No supportive feedback
Active Supportive Feedback
Participants will receive a weekly performance summary message each Sunday during the intervention period, with supportive feedback included to motivate children to maintain their good performance in the week ahead, or to try and improve upon a weak or moderate performance in the week ahead. Investigators will ask children will complete an online survey each Sunday to measure how motivated they are to achieve their sleep goal in the week ahead.