Recruiting

Greek Yogurt

Sponsor:

Brock University

Code:

NCT05922462

Conditions

Bone Growth Abnormal

Inflammation

Eligibility Criteria

Sex: All

Age: 15 - 22

Healthy Volunteers: Accepted

Interventions

Greek yogurt

Whey protein

Study Details

Brief summary:

Physical activity and dairy consumption during growth and development are each known to improve peak bone mass in young adults. Peak bone mass, the maximum amount of bone a person will have in their lifetime, is typically reached in the early 20's in females and late 20's in males. However, evidence suggests that young people do not consume enough dairy to maximize their bone mass. The resulting effect in peak bone mass can be troublesome, particularly for athletes, such as volleyball players. This study aims to determine whether increased dairy consumption combined with training can have an additive effect on the physiology of young competitive athletes. Specifically, we will examine whether Greek yogurt consumption will lead to beneficial changes in bone metabolism and inflammation, in adolescent and young adult, male and female athletes, similar to those observed with whey protein supplementation. Many athletes choose exclusively protein supplementation and miss out on other nutrients vital for healthy growth and development. By examining the benefits of Greek yogurt across different athlete age groups and sexes, this work will help reshape the attitudes, beliefs, and behaviours surrounding diet of young athletes.

Conditions

Bone Growth Abnormal

Inflammation

Study ID

NCT05922462

Start date

Sep 1, 2023

Status verified date

Dec, 2024

Completion date

Apr 30, 2026

Anticipated

Primary completion date

Aug 30, 2025

Anticipated

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

Sex: All

Age: 15 - 22

Healthy Volunteers: Accepted

Inclusion Criteria:

  • Competitive youth or varsity athletes

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Presence of injury
  • Inability to participate in practices
  • Allergy to dairy foods/dairy protein or
  • Diagnosis with lactose intolerance

Study Design

Enrollment

40 participants

Anticipated

Allocation

Randomized

Intervention Model

Parallel Assignment

Primary purpose

Prevention

Interventions and Outcome Measures

Arms

experimental: Greek yogurt intervention group (GY)

Participants in the GY group will be instructed by a registered dietician to consume 2 servings/day (preferably morning and night) of 175 g GY (0% MF, flavoured, 130 calories, 17 g protein, 225 g calcium; e.g., OIKOS High Protein GY) for a total of 16 weeks. For their convenience, the athletes will be provided with appropriate scoops to measure out 175 g of GY per serving of the larger 650 g commercially available, pre-packaged containers. Although it is recommended to consume the two servings morning and night, to increase ecological validity and strengthen the feasibility of the intervention, the timing of the servings will be flexible to facilitate the training and competition routines. For the same reasons, the athletes will be able to choose the flavour of their GY.

experimental: Whey protein intervention group (WP)

Participants in the WP group will follow a similar consumption schedule but will be instructed by the RD to consume two servings/day (preferably morning and night) each of 2/3 of a scoop of commercially available WP powder (flavoured, \~29 g, 120 calories, 19 g protein, 112.5 g calcium; e.g., PURE Whey Protein, Walmart) for a total of 16 weeks. The WP scoop will be dissolved in water (e.g., 1 g of WP isolate to 10 mL of water, as recommended by the manufacturer). This protein dose is similar to the previous dose in young swimmers and comparable to other studies in adults. Athletes will be provided with appropriately marked scoops (corresponding to 2/3 of the manufacturer scoop) to measure their single servings. Each athlete will receive two large containers (2 x 907 g = 1814 g per week) at the beginning of each week, which will be enough to cover the two daily servings of 29 g (i.e., 58 g/day).

Interventions

Greek yogurt

For 16 weeks, athletes will consume 2 servings/day of 175 g GY (0% MF, flavoured, 130 calories, 17 g protein, 225 g calcium; e.g., OIKOS High Protein GY)

Whey protein

For 16 weeks, athletes will consume 2 servings/day of 2/3 of a scoop of commercially available WP powder (flavoured, \~29 g, 120 calories, 19 g protein, 112.5 g calcium; e.g., PURE Whey Protein, Walmart)

Primary outcome measure

  • Osteocalcin [ Time Frame: Baseline (week 0) ]
  • Osteocalcin [ Time Frame: End of control period and pre-intervention (week 8) ]
  • Osteocalcin [ Time Frame: Middle of intervention period (week 16) ]
  • Osteocalcin [ Time Frame: Completion of intervention period (week 24) ]
  • Amino-terminal propeptide of type I collagen (P1NP) [ Time Frame: Baseline (week 0) ]
  • Amino-terminal propeptide of type I collagen (P1NP) [ Time Frame: End of control period and pre-intervention (week 8) ]
  • Amino-terminal propeptide of type I collagen (P1NP) [ Time Frame: Middle of intervention period (week 16) ]
  • Amino-terminal propeptide of type I collagen (P1NP) [ Time Frame: Completion of intervention period (week 24) ]
  • Osteoprotegerin (OPG) [ Time Frame: Baseline (week 0) ]
  • Osteoprotegerin (OPG) [ Time Frame: End of control period and pre-intervention (week 8) ]
  • Osteoprotegerin (OPG) [ Time Frame: Middle of intervention period (week 16) ]
  • Osteoprotegerin (OPG) [ Time Frame: Completion of intervention period (week 24) ]
  • C-telopeptides of type I collagen (CTX) [ Time Frame: Baseline (week 0) ]
  • C-telopeptides of type I collagen (CTX) [ Time Frame: End of control period and pre-intervention (week 8) ]
  • C-telopeptides of type I collagen (CTX) [ Time Frame: Middle of intervention period (week 16) ]
  • C-telopeptides of type I collagen (CTX) [ Time Frame: Completion of intervention period (week 24) ]
  • Sclerostin [ Time Frame: Baseline (week 0) ]
  • Sclerostin [ Time Frame: End of control period and pre-intervention (week 8) ]
  • Sclerostin [ Time Frame: Middle of intervention period (week 16) ]
  • Sclerostin [ Time Frame: Completion of intervention period (week 24) ]
  • Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL) [ Time Frame: Baseline (week 0) ]
  • Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL) [ Time Frame: End of control period and pre-intervention (week 8) ]
  • Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL) [ Time Frame: Middle of intervention period (week 16) ]
  • Receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-Β ligand (RANKL) [ Time Frame: Completion of intervention period (week 24) ]
  • Parathyroid hormone (PTH) [ Time Frame: Baseline (week 0) ]
  • Parathyroid hormone (PTH) [ Time Frame: End of control period and pre-intervention (week 8) ]
  • Parathyroid hormone (PTH) [ Time Frame: Middle of intervention period (week 16) ]
  • Parathyroid hormone (PTH) [ Time Frame: Completion of intervention period (week 24) ]
  • Interleukin-6 (IL6) [ Time Frame: Baseline (week 0) ]
  • Interleukin-6 (IL6) [ Time Frame: End of control period and pre-intervention (week 8) ]
  • Interleukin-6 (IL6) [ Time Frame: Middle of intervention period (week 16) ]
  • Interleukin-6 (IL6) [ Time Frame: Completion of intervention period (week 24) ]
  • Interleukin-10 (IL10) [ Time Frame: Baseline (week 0) ]
  • Interleukin-10 (IL10) [ Time Frame: End of control period and pre-intervention (week 8) ]
  • Interleukin-10 (IL10) [ Time Frame: Middle of intervention period (week 16) ]
  • Interleukin-10 (IL10) [ Time Frame: Completion of intervention period (week 24) ]
  • Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) [ Time Frame: Baseline (week 0) ]
  • Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) [ Time Frame: End of control period and pre-intervention (week 8) ]
  • Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) [ Time Frame: Middle of intervention period (week 16) ]
  • Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) [ Time Frame: Completion of intervention period (week 24) ]

Central Contacts and Locations

Central contacts

Panagiota Klentrou, PhD

9056885550nklentrou@brocku.ca

Madison Bell, MSc

7052793113mb14pf@brocku.ca

Locations

Brock University

Recruiting

St. Catharines, Ontario, Canada, L2S 3A1

Contacts

Panagiota Klentrou, PhD

905-688-5550nklentrou@brocku.ca

Madison Bell, MSc

mb14pf@brocku.ca

More Information

Sponsor

Brock University

Last update posted

Dec 31, 2024

Last verified

Dec, 2024

Keywords

  • Athletes
  • Bone markers
  • Inflammatory cytokines
  • Greek yogurt
  • Whey protein

Trial information was received from ClinicalTrials.gov and was last updated on 2026-09-10. This information was provided to ClinicalTrials.gov by Brock University on 2024-12-31.