Recruiting

WS-3, WS-23, Menthol

Sponsor:

Yale University

Code:

NCT05932745

Conditions

Nicotine Use Disorder

Eligibility Criteria

Sex: All

Age: 18+

Healthy Volunteers: Not accepted

Interventions

E-liquid coolant (No WS-3) for non-menthol (1)

E-liquid coolant (No WS-3) for low (0.1%) menthol (1)

E-liquid coolant (No WS-3) for high (2.0%) menthol (1)

E-liquid coolant (Low [0.1%] WS-3) for non-menthol (2)

E-liquid coolant (Low [0.1%] WS-3) for low (0.1%) menthol (2)

Study Details

Brief summary:

This study is an examination of the influence of cooling components of WS-3, WS-23, and menthol on the appeal and addiction potential of nicotine-containing e-liquids among adults.

Conditions

Nicotine Use Disorder

Study ID

NCT05932745

Start date

Jun 20, 2025

Status verified date

Jun, 2026

Completion date

Aug, 2026

Anticipated

Primary completion date

Aug, 2026

Anticipated

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

Sex: All

Age: 18+

Healthy Volunteers: Not accepted

Inclusion Criteria:

  • 18 years or older
  • Able to read and write
  • Some current e-cigarette use
  • Urine cotinine ≥200ng/ml
  • Willing to abstain from tobacco/nicotine use 2 hours prior to sessions

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Current use of non-prescription substances besides nicotine, marijuana, alcohol
  • Any significant current medical or psychiatric condition
  • Known hypersensitivity to propylene glycol
  • Pregnant or lactating females
  • Uncontrolled asthma
  • Nut/e-liquid flavorant allergy
  • Current marijuana (tetrahydrocannabinol) vaping + E-cigarette or vaping use Associated Lung Injury (EVALI) symptoms
  • Dislike of menthol flavor

Study Design

Enrollment

66 participants

Anticipated

Allocation

Randomized

Intervention Model

Crossover

Primary purpose

Other

Interventions and Outcome Measures

Arms

experimental: Non-menthol, nicotine 59mg/ml (1)

Flavor without menthol with 59mg/ml nicotine

experimental: Low (0.1%) menthol, nicotine 59mg/ml (1)

Flavor with low menthol concentration with 59mg/ml nicotine

experimental: High (2.0%) menthol, nicotine 59mg/ml (1)

Flavor with high menthol concentration with 59mg/ml nicotine

experimental: Non-menthol, nicotine 59mg/ml (2)

Flavor without menthol with 59mg/ml nicotine

experimental: Low (0.1%) menthol, nicotine 59mg/ml (2)

Flavor with low menthol concentration with 59mg/ml nicotine

experimental: High (2.0%) menthol, nicotine 59mg/ml (2)

Flavor with high menthol concentration with 59mg/ml nicotine

experimental: Non-menthol, nicotine 59mg/ml (3)

Flavor without menthol with 59mg/ml nicotine

experimental: Low (0.1%) menthol, nicotine 59mg/ml (3)

Flavor with low menthol concentration with 59mg/ml nicotine

experimental: High (2.0%) menthol, nicotine 59mg/ml (3)

Flavor with high menthol concentration with 59mg/ml nicotine

experimental: Non-menthol, nicotine 59mg/ml (4)

Flavor without menthol with 59mg/ml nicotine

experimental: Low (0.1%) menthol, nicotine 59mg/ml (4)

Flavor low menthol concentration with 59mg/ml nicotine

experimental: High (2.0%) menthol, nicotine 59mg/ml (4)

Flavor high menthol concentration with 59mg/ml nicotine

experimental: Non-menthol, nicotine 59mg/ml (5)

Flavor without menthol with 59mg/ml nicotine

experimental: Low (0.1%) menthol, nicotine 59mg/ml (5)

Flavor low menthol concentration with 59mg/ml nicotine

experimental: High (2.0%) menthol, nicotine 59mg/ml (5)

Flavor high menthol concentration with 59mg/ml nicotine

experimental: Non-menthol, nicotine 59mg/ml (6)

Flavor without menthol with 59mg/ml nicotine

experimental: Low (0.1%) menthol, nicotine 59mg/ml (6)

Flavor low menthol concentration with 59mg/ml nicotine

experimental: High (2.0%) menthol, nicotine 59mg/ml (6)

Flavor high menthol concentration with 59mg/ml nicotine

Interventions

E-liquid coolant (No WS-3) for non-menthol (1)

Adult users of e-cigarette will be exposed to distinct e-liquid coolants without WS-3.

E-liquid coolant (No WS-3) for low (0.1%) menthol (1)

Adult users of e-cigarette will be exposed to distinct e-liquid coolants without WS-3.

E-liquid coolant (No WS-3) for high (2.0%) menthol (1)

Adult users of e-cigarette will be exposed to distinct e-liquid coolants without WS-3.

E-liquid coolant (Low [0.1%] WS-3) for non-menthol (2)

Adult users of e-cigarette will be exposed to distinct e-liquid coolants with low WS-3 concentration.

E-liquid coolant (Low [0.1%] WS-3) for low (0.1%) menthol (2)

Adult users of e-cigarette will be exposed to distinct e-liquid coolants with low WS-3 concentration.

E-liquid coolant (Low [0.1%] WS-3) for high (2.0%) menthol (2)

Adult users of e-cigarette will be exposed to distinct e-liquid coolants with low WS-3 concentration.

E-liquid coolant (High [2.0%] WS-3) for non-menthol (3)

Adult users of e-cigarette will be exposed to distinct e-liquid coolants with high WS-3 concentration.

E-liquid coolant (High [2.0%] WS-3) for low (0.1%) menthol (3)

Adult users of e-cigarette will be exposed to distinct e-liquid coolants with high WS-3 concentration.

E-liquid coolant (High [2.0%] WS-3) for high (2.0%) menthol (3)

Adult users of e-cigarette will be exposed to distinct e-liquid coolants with high WS-3 concentration.

E-liquid coolant (Low [0.1%] WS-23) for non-menthol (4)

Adult users of e-cigarette will be exposed to distinct e-liquid coolants with low WS-23 concentration.

E-liquid coolant (Low [0.1%] WS-23) for low (0.1%) menthol (4)

Adult users of e-cigarette will be exposed to distinct e-liquid coolants with low WS-23 concentration.

E-liquid coolant (Low [0.1%] WS-23) for high (2.0%) menthol (4)

Adult users of e-cigarette will be exposed to distinct e-liquid coolants with low WS-23 concentration.

E-liquid coolant (High [2.0%] WS-23) for non-menthol (5)

Adult users of e-cigarette will be exposed to distinct e-liquid coolants with high WS-23 concentration.

E-liquid coolant (High [2.0%] WS-23) for low (0.1%) menthol (5)

Adult users of e-cigarette will be exposed to distinct e-liquid coolants with high WS-23 concentration.

E-liquid coolant (High [2.0%] WS-23) for high (2.0%) menthol (5)

Adult users of e-cigarette will be exposed to distinct e-liquid coolants with high WS-23 concentration.

E-liquid coolant (4% WS-23) for non-menthol (6)

Adult users of e-cigarette will be exposed to distinct e-liquid coolants with 4% WS-23 concentration.

E-liquid coolant (4% WS-23) for low (0.1%) menthol (6)

Adult users of e-cigarette will be exposed to distinct e-liquid coolants with 4% WS-23 concentration.

E-liquid coolant (4% WS-23) for high (2.0%) menthol (6)

Adult users of e-cigarette will be exposed to distinct e-liquid coolants with 4% WS-23 concentration.

Primary outcome measure

  • Liking: Score change in liking/wanting of each e-cigarette condition (5 conditions in total) [ Time Frame: Following administration of e-cigarette condition 1 (at 10 minutes), following administration of e-cigarette condition 2 (at 40 minutes)...following administration of e-cigarette condition 6 (at 160 minutes) ]
  • Reinforcing Efficacy: Score change in drug effects of each e-cigarette condition (5 conditions in total) [ Time Frame: Following administration of e-cigarette condition 1 (at 10 minutes), following administration of e-cigarette condition 2 (at 40 minutes)...following administration of e-cigarette condition 6 (at 160 minutes) ]
  • Irritation/Harshness: Score change in irritation of harshness of each e-cigarette condition (5 conditions in total) [ Time Frame: Following administration of e-cigarette condition 1 (at 10 minutes), following administration of e-cigarette condition 2 (at 40 minutes)...following administration of e-cigarette condition 6 (at 160 minutes) ]

Central Contacts and Locations

Central contacts

Danielle Davis, PhD

203-974-7607danielle.davis@yale.edu

Wei Li, PhD

wei.vanness.li@yale.edu

Locations

JB Pierce Lab

Recruiting

New Haven, Connecticut, United States, 06519

More Information

Sponsor

Yale University

Last update posted

Jun 16, 2026

Last verified

Jun, 2026

Keywords

  • Menthol, cooling components, cigarette, e-cigarette, vaping

Trial information was received from ClinicalTrials.gov and was last updated on 2026-09-10. This information was provided to ClinicalTrials.gov by Yale University on 2026-06-16.