Age: 18 - 60
Healthy Volunteers: Not accepted
Inclusion Criteria:
1. Participants of any gender are eligible
2. Aged 18 to 60 years
3. Meets Diagnostic and Statistical Manual, Fifth Edition (DSM-V) criteria for major depressive disorder (MDD)
4. MADRS score ≥ 20 at screening
5. Score >1SD above the normative mean on the Cognitive Triad Inventory (CTI) "self" subscale \*OR\* <1SD below the normative mean on the Rosenberg self-esteem scale
6. Participants of childbearing potential with a negative serum pregnancy test prior to entry into the study and who are practicing an adequate method of birth control (eg oral or parenteral contraceptives, intrauterine device, barrier, abstinence) and who do not plan to become pregnant during the course of the study. Participants may be included without a negative serum pregnancy test if they are surgically sterile or at least 2 years post- menopausal. Participants who could impregnate a sexual partner should use an acceptable method of birth control during the study, from the day of dosing to 28 days following dose.
7. Participants who could impregnate a partner and their sexual partner of childbearing potential should use an acceptable method of birth control during the study, from day of dosing to 28 days following dose.
8. Clinical laboratory values < 1.5 times the upper limit of normal (ULN) or deemed not clinically significant per the investigator
9. Ability to understand the requirements of the study, provide written informed consent, abide by the study restrictions, and agree to return for the required assessments
10. Based on the investigator's clinical judgment, participants with eating disorders, obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), panic disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and generalized anxiety disorders secondary to major depressive episodes are permitted.
Exclusion Criteria:
1. Presence of lifetime bipolar, psychotic, or autism spectrum; or current problematic, moderate-to-severe substance use disorder
2. Use of a Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor (MAOI) within 28 days of infusion date
3. Huntington's, Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, Multiple Sclerosis, or a history of strokes or with one or more seizures without a clear and resolved etiology
4. Currently hospitalized or residing in an in-patient facility during the study participation
5. Acute suicidality or other psychiatric crises requiring treatment escalation, using the Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) as both an initial exclusion criteria (C-SSRS "Baseline/Screening" Version for past 1-month period) and as grounds for rescue/removal (C-SSRS "Since Last Visit" form). Participants with C-SSRS suicide ideation scores scored "yes" on items 4 (active suicidal ideation with some intent to act) and/or 5 (active suicidal ideation with specific plan and intent) will be excluded from the study, and if enrolled, will be exited from the study and referred immediately to the nearest emergency mental health facility for additional thorough assessment and appropriate treatment referral.
6. Changes made to treatment regimen within 28 days of drug infusion (Day 0)
7. Reading level <6th grade as per patient self-report
8. Serious, unstable medical illnesses including respiratory \[obstructive sleep apnea, or history of difficulty with airway management during previous anesthetics\], cardiovascular \[including ischemic heart disease and uncontrolled hypertension\], and neurologic \[including history of severe head injury diagnoses.
9. Clinically significant abnormal findings of laboratory parameters \[including urine toxicology screen for drugs of abuse\], physical examination, or ECG.
10. Uncontrolled or poorly controlled hypertension, as determined by the study physician's review of vitals collected during screening and any other relevant medical history/records.
11. Patient has clinically significant renal dysfunction as assessed by the estimated glomerular filtration rate <70 mL/min using the Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration -creatinine methodology.
12. Patient has liver enzyme test results >2 times the upper limit of normal.
13. Patient has resting heart rate (supine) <60 or >100 bpm at the Screening Visit or Pre-Dose Baseline, in the absence of an etiology that, in the judgment of the investigator, is related to exceptionally good cardiovascular fitness.
14. Patient has PR interval >250 msec at the Screening Visit or Pre-Dose Baseline
15. Patients starting hormonal treatment (e.g., estrogen) in the 3 months prior to Screening.
16. Patients taking medications with known activity at the NMDA or AMPA glutamate receptor \[e.g., riluzole, amantadine, memantine, topiramate, dextromethorphan (including AuvelityTM), D-cycloserine, ketamine or esketamine\], or the mu-opioid receptor.
17. Patients taking any of the following medications: St John's Wort, theophylline, tramadol, metrizamide.
18. Patients who have received ECT in the past 6 months prior to Screening.
19. Patients currently receiving treatment with vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) or repetitive transcranial stimulation (rTMS).
20. Participation in any clinical trial of an investigational product or device within 30 days of enrollment in this trial
21. Positive screen for unreported drugs of abuse, including: cocaine, PCP, opioid or other agent that in the opinion of the investigator is being abused. Positive marijuana screen is not exclusionary if use is consistent with clinical diagnostic interview findings and is seen in the absence of a moderate-to-severe substance use disorder.
22. Participants or sexual partners of participants who are currently pregnant or planning to become pregnant during the course of the study
23. Participants who are breastfeeding
24. History of allergy, sensitivity, or intolerance to apimostinel, zelquistinel, NMDAR ligands including ketamine,dextromethorphan, memantine, methadone, dextropropoxyphene, or ketobemidone.