Inclusion criteria:
Participant willingness:
1. Participant is willing and able to understand and fully comply with trial procedures and requirements (including digital tools and applications), in the opinion of the investigator.
2. Participant has provided written informed consent and any required privacy authorization before the initiation of any trial procedures.
Disease Characteristics:
3. Participants must have a clinical diagnosis of nonsegmental vitiligo: F-VASI greater than or equal to (>=) 0.5 and a T-VASI >= 5 and less than or equal to (<=) 50 at screening and Day 1.
Age and Reproductive Status:
4. Participant is aged >=18 years to <=75 years old at the time of consent.
5. Participant meets the following birth control requirement:
An individual with potential for pregnancy who is now of nonchildbearing potential with laboratory confirmation of postmenopausal status; or an individual with potential for pregnancy who if sexually active with a nonsterilized individual who produces sperm, agrees to use a highly effective method of contraception from the signing of informed consent throughout the duration of the trial. The use of effective contraception will be required for assigned male sex at birth participants. In the European Union (EU) / European Economic Area (EEA) and the United Kingdom (UK), for participants who elect to use hormonal contraception as a form of highly effective contraception, the investigator must document a favorable benefit-risk assessment to justify the participant's inclusion in the trial at screening and every 3 months during the trial.
6. For participants in the EU/EEA or UK, the investigator must have no reason to believe that the participant would be placed at risk by participating in the trial with regard to the European Commission decision as of 10 March 2023 on measures to minimize risk of serious side effects with Janus Kinase inhibitor (JAKi) (EMA/142279/2023) and the UK MHRA guideline on JAKi: new measures to reduce risks of major cardiovascular events, malignancy, venous thromboembolism, serious infections and increased mortality as of 26 April 2023 (Drug Safety Update volume 16, issue 9).
Exclusion Criteria:
Target Disease-Related Exclusions:
1. Participant has segmental vitiligo (including mixed vitiligo) or any other congenital or acquired cause of hypopigmentation or depigmentation that could interfere with the diagnosis or assessment of nonsegmental vitiligo.
2. Participant has >50 percent (%) leukotrichia on the face or >50% leukotrichia of the body (includes the face), within the skin affected by vitiligo.
3. Participant requires immunomodulatory or immunosuppressive systemic treatment, other than nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, during the trial period for an immune-related disease (for example, inflammatory bowel disease).
4. Participant has a history of phototherapy (including, but not limited to, broadband Ultra-Violet \[UV\]-B, narrowband UV-B, psoralen and UV-A, excimer or other laser therapy, or tanning booth use) within 8 weeks before Day 1. Use of sunscreen products and protective apparel is recommended when sun exposure cannot be avoided.
5. Participant has concomitant comorbid skin condition that, in the opinion of the investigator, would interfere with the trial assessments.
6. History of any depigmenting or bleaching treatment for vitiligo or other skin disorder (for example, monobenzone or phenol).
7. History of any surgical treatments for vitiligo.
8. History of recent or progressive undiagnosed hearing loss.
Recent/Concurrent Infectious Disease Exclusions:
9. Tuberculosis (TB):
1. Participant has history of active TB infection, regardless of treatment status.
2. Participant has signs or symptoms of active TB (including, but not limited to, chronic fever, chronic productive cough, night sweats, or weight loss) as judged by the investigator.
3. Participant has evidence of Latent Tuberculosis Infection (LTBI) as evidenced by a positive QuantiFERON (QFT) result OR 2 indeterminate QFT results and participant does not have documentation of appropriate LTBI prophylaxis or is not able or not willing to initiate appropriate LTBI prophylaxis. Participant remains eligible if there are no signs/symptoms of active TB AND documentation of no history of active TB can be provided AND (1) participant can provide documentation of prior and complete treatment for LTBI (appropriate in duration and type per current local country guidelines) or (2) participant has a positive QFT result or 2 indeterminate QFT results but has initiated prophylaxis (appropriate in duration and type per current local guidelines) a minimum of 2 weeks prior to Day 1. In the EU/ EEA and the UK, participants with evidence of LTBI, regardless of prophylaxis treatment status, must receive approval to participate in the trial from an infectious disease or other TB specialist (for example, pulmonologist).
4. Participant has had any imaging trial during or 6 months prior to screening, including x-ray, chest Computed Tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging, or other chest imaging suggesting evidence of current active or a history of active TB. X-ray is required for all participants regardless of QuantiFERON-TB Gold results unless the participant has had normal chest imaging in the 6 months prior to screening. CT imaging is allowed per local sites requirements.
10. Herpes infections:
1. Participant has active herpes virus infection, including herpes zoster or herpes simplex 1 and 2 (demonstrated on physical examination and/or medical history) at screening or Day 1.
2. Participant has history of serious herpetic infection that includes any episode of disseminated disease, multidermatomal herpes zoster, herpes encephalitis, ophthalmic herpes, or recurrent herpes zoster (defined as 2 episodes within 2 years).
11. Non-herpetic viral diseases:
1. Participant has presence of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) antibody and a positive confirmatory test result for HCV Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) (nucleic acid test or polymerase chain reaction). In the EU/EEA and the UK, if the participant has total anti-HCV antibody positivity at screening but is confirmed to have no detectable HCV RNA by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) testing, HCV RNA PCR testing will be assessed at additional visits per Schedule of Activities (SoA).
2. Participant has presence of positive Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), or indeterminate HBsAg, presence of Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) (regardless of serology), or positive anti- Hepatitis B core antibody (HBcAb) without concurrent positive HBsAb. In the EU/EEA and the UK, if the participant has total anti-HBc antibody positivity at screening but is confirmed to have no detectable HBV DNA by PCR testing, the participant will repeat HBV DNA PCR testing at additional visits per SoA; if a participant has anti-HBsAb positivity at screening but is confirmed to have no detectable HBV DNA by PCR testing, unless the participant has documented completion of the HBV vaccination series by medical records, the participant will repeat HBV DNA PCR testing at additional visits per SoA. Note: For other countries in which there are hepatitis B screening guidelines, these can be done per local regulations or site's standard of care.
3. Participant has positive results for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) by serology, regardless of viral load.
12. Other infectious diseases:
1. Participant has a history of active infection or febrile illness (with or without other symptoms) within 7 days prior to Day 1, as assessed by the investigator.
2. Participant has a history of serious or severe infection within 30 days prior to Day 1, as assessed by the investigator.
3. Participant has a history of bacterial, viral, or fungal infection that required hospitalization or treatment with intravenous antimicrobial therapy within 8 weeks prior to Day 1, or oral antimicrobial therapy within 30 days prior to Day 1.
4. Participant has a history of chronic or recurrent bacterial disease, including but not limited to chronic pyelonephritis or cystitis, chronic bronchitis/pneumonitis, osteomyelitis, or chronic skin ulcerations/infections or fungal infections (except superficial onychomycosis).
5. Participant has a history of an infected joint prosthesis unless that prosthesis has been removed or replaced at least 60 days prior to Day 1.
6. Participant has a history of opportunistic infections (for example, Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia, histoplasmosis, coccidiomycosis).
7. Participant had a bacterial infection within 60 days prior to Day 1 for which he or she did not receive treatment.
Noninfectious Disorders Exclusions:
13. Participant has any clinically significant medical condition, evidence of an unstable clinical condition (for example, cardiovascular, renal, hepatic, hematologic, gastrointestinal, endocrine, pulmonary, neurologic, nutritional, ophthalmologic or immunologic), or vital signs/physical/laboratory/Electrocardiogram (ECG) abnormality that would, in the opinion of the investigator, put the participant at undue risk or interfere with interpretation of trial results. These include but are not limited to:
1. Participant has a history of known or suspected condition/illness that is consistent with compromised immunity, including but not limited to any identified congenital or acquired immunodeficiency; splenectomy.
2. Participant has a history of new or unstable autoimmune disease (including but not limited to thyroid disease, lupus, sjogrens, myasthenia gravis, or rheumatoid arthritis).
3. Participant had a major surgery within 60 days prior to Day 1 or has a major surgery planned during the trial.
4. Participant has unstable, poorly controlled, or severe hypertension at screening, confirmed by 2 repeat assessments.
5. Participant has a history of Class III or IV congestive heart failure as defined by New York Heart Association criteria.
6. Participant has a history of cancer or lymphoproliferative disease with the exception of successfully treated nonmetastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma, basal cell carcinoma, or localized carcinoma in situ of the cervix. In the EU/EEA and the UK, for the participants with a history of successfully treated nonmetastatic cutaneous squamous cell or basal cell carcinoma or localized carcinoma in situ of the cervix, investigators must document a favorable benefit-risk assessment.
7. For participants with asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or other pulmonary illnesses has ever required intubation for treatment, currently requires oral corticosteroids, or has required more than 1 course of oral corticosteroids within 6 months prior to Day 1, or participant has been hospitalized within 3 months prior to Day 1.
8. Participant has any of the following cardiovascular disease history:
- A new diagnosis of atrial fibrillation or an episode of atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response or other dysrhythmia, non-acute cardiac hospitalization (for example, pacemaker implantation), pulmonary embolism, or deep venous thrombosis within the past 6 months prior to screening.
- Any history of cerebrovascular event, myocardial infarction, coronary stenting, or aortocoronary bypass surgery. If, however, the investigator documents there are no suitable treatment alternatives available for the participant and it has been at least 6 months since the occurrence of any such event, the participant may enroll; in the EU/EEA and the UK, investigators must document a favorable benefit-risk assessment.
9. Participant has ECG abnormalities that are considered clinically significant and would pose an unacceptable risk to the participant if they participated in the trial, in the opinion of the investigator.
10. Participant has any lifetime history of suicide attempts, suicidal behavior, or active suicidal ideation with intent and plan based on medical history or a YES response to Columbia-Suicide Severity Rating Scale (C-SSRS) Questions 5; the participant has evidence of current active suicidal ideation based on YES response to questions 2, 3, 4, or 5 on C-SSRS Since Last Visit performed on Day1; or is clinically deemed to have a suicide risk by the investigator.
11. Participant has a history of clinically significant drug or alcohol abuse within 12 months prior to Day 1.
Laboratory/Physical Exclusions:
14. Participant has any of the following laboratory values at the screening visit:
1. Aspartate Aminotransferase (AST) or Alanine Aminotransferase (ALT) values >=3 times the Upper Limit of Normal (ULN).
2. Total bilirubin (unconjugated and/or conjugated) ˃1.5 times the ULN.
3. Hemoglobin (Hgb) <9.0 gram/deciliter (g/dL) (<90.0 gram/Liter \[g/L\]).
4. Absolute white blood cell count less than (<) 3.0 \* 10\^9/Liter (L) (<3000/cubic millimeter \[mm\^3\]).
5. Absolute neutrophil count of <1.0 \* 10\^9/L (<1000/mm\^3).
6. Absolute lymphocyte count of <0.5 \* 10\^9/L (<500/mm\^3).
7. Platelet count <100 \* 10\^9/L (<100,000/mm\^3).
8. Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH) outside the normal reference range AND free T4 or T3 outside the normal reference range.
9. Estimated creatinine clearance <45 milliliter/minute (mL/min) based on the Cockcroft-Gault calculation.
10. Creatine Phosphokinase (CPK) > ULN. CPK may be repeated once; if repeat value is Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) Grade 1 or lower (or <=2.5 × ULN) and no higher than the initial value, participant remains eligible. Investigators should assess the participant for symptoms of rhabdomyolysis, and for modulating factors including concomitant medications or vigorous exercise that may affect CPK levels.
15. Participant has any other significant laboratory abnormalities that, in the opinion of the investigator, might place the participant at unacceptable risk for participation in this trial.
16. Participant does not tolerate venipuncture or inability to be venipunctured.
Allergies and Adverse Drug Reactions Exclusions:
17. Participant has a history of significant drug allergy (such as anaphylaxis).
18. Participant has a known or suspected allergy to zasocitinib or any of its components.
Other Exclusions:
19. Participant has a positive pregnancy test result or plans to become pregnant during the trial period, including plans to undergo in vitro fertilization, donate ova (eggs), or sperm, or participant is lactating/nursing.
20. Participant has given greater than 500 mL of blood or plasma within 30 days of screening (during a clinical trial or at a blood bank donation) or plans to donate blood during the course of the trial.
21. Participant is compulsorily detained for treatment of either a psychiatric or physical (for example, infectious disease) illness, or is committed to an institution (for example, prison) by virtue of an order issued either by judicial or administrative authorities.
22. Participant is a trial site employee, an immediate family member (for example, spouse, parent, child, sibling), or is in a dependent relationship with trial site employee who is involved in the conduct of this trial or may consent under duress.
23. History of rhabdomyolysis.