Age: 18+
Healthy Volunteers: Not accepted
Inclusion Criteria:
1. Male or non-pregnant female aged ≥18 years
2. Documented non-valvular AF (paroxysmal, persistent, permanent or non-rheumatic valve-related AF)
3. The subject has a calculated CHA2DS2-VASc score of 2 or greater for males or 3 or greater for females.
4. The subject is eligible for the defined protocol medication regimen of anticoagulation and antiplatelet therapy following Append procedure.
5. The patient is deemed appropriate for LAA ligation by the screening committee and the investigator.
6. The patient has been informed of the nature of the study, agrees to its provisions \& follow-up evaluations, and has provided written informed consent approved by the appropriate Institutional Review Board (IRB) or Ethics Committee (EC).
General Exclusion Criteria:
1. Pregnant or nursing patients and those who plan pregnancy in the period up to 1 year following the index procedure. Female patients of childbearing potential must have a negative pregnancy test (per site standard test) within 7 days prior to index procedure.
2. Atrial fibrillation that is defined by a single occurrence or that is considered to be reversible (e.g., due to thyroid disorders, acute alcohol intoxication, trauma, or recent major surgical procedures).
3. Patients with an indication for chronic oral anticoagulation other than AF (e.g., history of unprovoked deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism, or mechanical heart valve)
4. Clinically significant Severe heart failure (New York Heart Association functional class IV)
5. Prior cardiac surgery or surgery requiring sternotomy
6. Recent (within 3 months pre-procedure) stroke or transient ischemic attack.
7. Recent (within 3 months pre-procedure) myocardial infarction
8. Recent (within 30 days before the index procedure) or planned (within 60 days after the index procedure) cardiac interventional procedures (e.g., percutaneous coronary intervention, structural heart valve procedures, etc.)
9. Planned (within 60 days after the index procedure) cardiac surgical procedures or any surgeries which require sternotomy.
10. Recent (within 30 days before the index procedure) or planned (within 60 days after the index procedure) noncardiac procedures or surgical interventions.
11. History of symptomatic pericarditis (acute or chronic).
12. Patient has evidence of cardiac tumor
13. Renal insufficiency, defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <30 mL/min/1.73 m2 (by the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation), or dialysis at the time of screening
14. Platelet count <50,000 cells/mm3 or >700,000 cells/mm3, or white blood cell count <3,000 cells/mm3 or known Bleeding diathesis
15. Active infection with bacteremia
16. Patient has a known allergy, hypersensitivity or contraindication to aspirin, heparin, or that would preclude any P2Y12 inhibitor therapy, or the patient has contrast sensitivity that cannot be adequately pre-medicated
17. Current participation in another investigational drug or device study that would interfere with this study
18. Patient is unable to undergo general anesthesia
19. Patient has a condition which precludes adequate transesophageal echocardiographic (TEE) or computed tomographic (CT) assessment.
20. Known other medical illness or known history of substance abuse that may cause non-compliance with the specified medication regimen, confound the data interpretation, or is associated with a life expectancy of less than 5 years.
Cardiac Imaging Exclusion Criteria:
1. Intracardiac thrombus observed during screening
2. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) <30%
3. Circumferential pericardial effusion >5 mm or signs / symptoms of acute or chronic pericarditis, or evidence of tamponade physiology
4. Distance from inter-atrial septum fossa ovalis to LAA ostium is less than 40 mm
5. Any anatomy or prior intervention that would preclude a transseptal approach (including, but not limited to, prior IVC filter placement that cannot be crossed, prior ASD, or prior PFO closure device implantation that precludes transseptal puncture)
6. LAA structure that in the opinion of the screening committee / investigator precludes intervention