Blood ThinnersSafety of Perioperative Anticoagulation Management in People With Active Cancer Undergoing Cancer-Related Surgery or Procedures (ACE-HIGH Study)

Inclusion Criteria:

• Age ≥ 18 years
• Prescribed a Direct Oral Anticoagulant (DOAC), warfarin (International Normalized Ratio (INR) target 2.0-3.0) or Low Molecular Weight Heparin (LMWH) (75-100% weight-based therapeutic dosing) for stroke prevention in Atrial Fibrillation (AF) or the treatment of Venous Thromboembolism (VTE). Eligible DOAC regimens include full-dose (therapeutic) DOAC regimens appropriate for age and renal function. Eligible DOAC regimens include:

i. Apixaban 10 mg po BID (VTE) ii. Apixaban 5 mg po BID (AF or VTE) iii. Apixaban 2.5 mg po BID (AF) iv. Rivaroxaban 15 mg po BID (VTE) v. Rivaroxaban 20 mg po OD (AF or VTE) vi. Rivaroxaban 15 mg po OD (AF only) vii. Edoxaban 60 mg po OD (AF or VTE) viii. Edoxaban 30 mg po OD (AF or VTE) ix. Dabigatran 150 mg po BID (AF or VTE) x. Dabigatran 110 mg po BID (AF)

• Has active cancer, defined as:

i. cancer diagnosed within 6 months ii. recurrent, regionally advanced, or metastatic cancer iii. cancer for which treatment had been administered within 6 months before enrolment iv. hematologic cancer that is not in remission v. Patients who are felt to likely have active cancer based on clinical/imaging characteristics but are awaiting tissue confirmation and are scheduled for a biopsy procedure are eligible for trial inclusion

• Is undergoing a planned cancer-related inpatient or outpatient invasive procedure or cancer surgery (to diagnose, treat or palliate cancer; at investigator's discretion)
• Interruption of anticoagulation therapy for the planned procedure is required.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Presence of any mechanical prosthetic heart valve
• Known pregnancy or breastfeeding
• Severe renal insufficiency (Creatinine Clearance (CrCl) < 30 mL/min or < 25 mL/min for Apixaban users)
• Condition that might impair adherence to the study protocol (e.g., cognitive impairment, geographic inaccessibility) as determined by the treating physician
• Allergy to heparin or a history of (Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT)
• More than one surgery/procedure planned during the study period
• Previous study participation
• Inability to provide informed consent