Recruiting

Exercise Training

Sponsor:

University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Code:

NCT07477067

Conditions

Type 2 Diabetes

Control Condition

Eligibility Criteria

Sex: All

Age: 65+

Healthy Volunteers: Accepted

Interventions

12 week progressive exercise training

Study Details

Brief summary:

In this randomized controlled trial, 30 older adults (aged> 65 years; 15 with T2D, 15 controls) will participate in a 12-week progressive exercise training program. They will undergo pre- and post-testing that includes body composition measures; oral glucose tolerance testing; cardiovascular fitness and muscle performance testing; dietary protein efficiency assessed using the indicator amino acid oxidation (IAAO) method; and a gut microbiota trial. The dietary protein efficiency trial will include repeated ingestion of crystallized amino acids (drink) containing stable isotopes, urine samples, and breath samples. The gut microbiome trial will consist of a single ingestion of a Mediterranean-based modeled meal enriched with 13C-phenylalanine (in the drink) and repeated blood draws. Participants will also be asked to give a fecal sample after the gut microbiome trial.

Conditions

Type 2 Diabetes

Control Condition

Study ID

NCT07477067

Start date

Feb 9, 2026

Status verified date

Feb, 2026

Completion date

Jul 1, 2028

Anticipated

Primary completion date

Jun 30, 2027

Anticipated

Eligibility Criteria

Eligibility Criteria

Sex: All

Age: 65+

Healthy Volunteers: Accepted

Inclusion Criteria:

  • At least 65 years old
  • Body mass index: 25-40 kg/m\^2
  • Female: Waist to hip ratio >0.8
  • Male: Waist to hip ratio >1.0
  • Free from structured exercise during the prior 6 months (mo) weight stable for the prior 6 months

T2D group:

-Diagnosed by a physician with elevated glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) >6.5%

Control group:

-Normoglycemic with HbA1c levels not exceeding 5.6% and fasting blood glucose levels below or equal to 99 mg/dL (5.5mmol)

Exclusion Criteria:

  • Uncontrolled diabetes (evidence of HbA1c > 10%, prescription of insulin)
  • Diagnoses of diabetic neuropathy or failing diabetic neuropathy screening
  • Statins
  • Peripheral edema Consumption of ergogenic-levels of dietary supplements that may affect muscle mass (e.g., creatine, HMB), insulin-like substances, or anabolic/catabolic pro-hormones (e.g., DHEA) within 6 weeks prior to participation.
  • Untreated hypothyroidism, epilepsy, medications that affect vasoactivity, possibility of pregnancy, and any neurological, cardiovascular, or musculoskeletal disease that precludes exercise testing.

Study Design

Enrollment

30 participants

Anticipated

Allocation

Non randomized

Intervention Model

Parallel Assignment

Primary purpose

Other

Interventions and Outcome Measures

Arms

active comparator: Non-Diabetic

Non-diabetic control group. Will be assigned to all pre-/post-testing and complete the 12-week intervention period.

experimental: Diabetic group

Diagnosed diabetic group. Will complete all pre- and post-testing and the 12-week intervention period.

Interventions

12 week progressive exercise training

moderate - to - vigorous aerobic and strength-based exercise training will be performed 2-3 times per week for 12 weeks.

Strength Training consists of a 5-minute warm-up on a stationary bike, followed by 1-3 sets on the leg press, leg extension, and leg curl machines. In addition, participants will preform upper body exercises on guided motion machines (seated chest press, shoulder press, seated rows) on alternate training days. Training intensity will gradually increase on each participants comfort level.

Endurance training will be performed on a stationary bike. Exercise intensity will be controlled by heart rate and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) using the Borg's original scale (6-20 points). Weeks 1--3 will be at 50-60% of max heart rate for 30 minutes; weeks 4-6 will be at 50-60% of max heart rate for 40 minutes; weeks 7-9 will be 60-70% of max heart rate for 50 minutes; and weeks 10-12 will be at 60-70% of max heart rate for 60 minutes.

Primary outcome measure

  • Define how exercise modifies protein efficiency in T2D [ Time Frame: From enrollment to end of 12-week intervention ]

Central Contacts and Locations

Central contacts

Nicholas Burd (Professor), PhD

2172440970naburd@illinois.edu

Gena Irwin (Research Assistant), M.S

3608883281genai2@illinois.edu

Locations

Freer Hall - University of Illinois

Recruiting

Urbana, Illinois, United States, 61801

Contacts

Nicholas Burd (Professor), PhD

2172440970naburd@illinois.edu

More Information

Sponsor

University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign

Last update posted

Apr 29, 2026

Last verified

Feb, 2026

Keywords

  • Type 2 Diabetes
  • Obesity
  • Exercise Intervention
  • Protein Metabolism

Trial information was received from ClinicalTrials.gov and was last updated on 2026-09-10. This information was provided to ClinicalTrials.gov by University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign on 2026-04-29.