Arms
experimental: Arm 1: Tai Chi/Qi Gong Alone
This arm includes participants who respond to Tai Chi/Qi Gong in Stage 1. In Stage 2, participants attended Tai Chi/Qi Gong sessions twice weekly for 8 weeks. Using a manualized approach, each class will provide objectives and learning activities related to sequentially learning a specific set of Tai Chi/Qi Gong movements weekly.
experimental: Arm 2: Tai Chi/Qi Gong plus α- Lipoic acid (ALA)
This arm includes participants who do no respond to Tai Chi/Qi Gong in Stage 1. In Stage 1, participants attend Tai Chi/Qi Gong sessions twice weekly for 8 weeks. In Stage 2, nonresponders to Tai Chi/Qi Gong continue Tai Chi/Qi Gong and are randomized to receive daily alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) supplementation for 8 weeks.
experimental: Arm 3: Tai Chi/Qi Gong plus Acupuncture
This arm includes participants who do no respond to Tai Chi/Qi Gong in Stage 1. In Stage 1, participants attend Tai Chi/Qi Gong sessions twice weekly for 8 weeks. In Stage 2, nonresponders to Tai Chi/Qi Gong continue Tai Chi/Qi Gong and are randomized to receive acupuncture treatments for 8 weeks.
experimental: Arm 4: α- Lipoic acid (ALA) Alone
This arm includes participants who respond to alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) in Stage 1. In Stage 1, participants receive oral alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) supplementation daily for 8 weeks. In Stage 2, responders to ALA continue daily ALA supplementation for an additional 8 weeks.
experimental: Arm 5: α- Lipoic acid (ALA) plus Tai Chi/Qi Gong
This arm includes participants who do no respond to alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) in Stage 1. In Stage 1, participants receive oral alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) supplementation for 8 weeks. In Stage 2, nonresponders to ALA continue ALA supplementation and are randomized to receive Tai Chi/Qi Gong sessions twice weekly for 8 weeks.
experimental: Arm 6: α- Lipoic acid (ALA) plus Acupuncture
This arm includes participants who do no respond to alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) in Stage 1. In Stage 1, participants receive oral alpha-lipoic acid (ALA) supplementation for 8 weeks. In Stage 2, nonresponders to ALA continue ALA supplementation and are randomized to receive acupuncture treatments for 8 weeks.
Interventions
Tai Chi/Qi Gong
Participants will be asked to attend Tai Chi/Qi Gong classes for one hour twice a week for 8 weeks over Zoom video conferencing or in person. Using a manualized approach, each class will provide objectives and learning activities related to sequentially learning a specific set of Tai Chi/Qi Gong movements with verification of skills attainment weekly24. Six key elements will be emphasized: 1) Mindfulness; 2) Postural alignment; 3) Natural breathing; 4) Active relaxation, 5) Slow movement, and 6) Integrated movement.
α- Lipoic acid
Participants will be provided with Lipoic Acid Supplement (300 mg) bottles, with instructions to take two tablets daily, 30 minutes before breakfast.
Acupuncture
participants will receive acupuncture treatments for 8 weeks. After disinfecting the skin with an alcohol swab, acupuncturists inserted filiform 0.16 mm × 15 mm (or 30 mm) sterilized, disposable acupuncture needles in the ear and Ba Feng points; 0.20 mm × 30 mm (or 40 mm) sterilized, disposable acupuncture needles will be inserted at body points. Needles for body points will be inserted 0.5 inches into the skin and left for 30 min after achieving de qi, a sensation of achiness, soreness and heaviness.