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Oncology is the branch of medicine focused on cancer. Cancer itself is not a single disease. It is a family of more than 100 diseases, from breast cancer and lung cancer to blood cancers like leukemia and lymphoma. What they share is the same basic problem: cells that grow and divide without stopping. About 4 in 10 people in the US will be diagnosed with some form of cancer during their lifetime.
Cancer research moves faster than almost any other field of medicine. Cancer drugs made up about 35% of all new FDA drug approvals in 2025, 16 new medicines in one year. The 5 year survival rate for all cancers combined reached 70% for people diagnosed in 2015 to 2021, a first in US history. And survival for metastatic (spread) cancer has doubled since the mid 1990s, from 17% to 35%. Every one of those gains came through clinical trials.
Every cancer trial sets its own rules, and in oncology they are usually specific. Most studies recruit around three things: your cancer type, your stage, and your treatment history. Many newer trials also require a biomarker, a specific mutation or protein found by testing your tumor, because modern cancer drugs often target one molecular change. Some trials enroll only newly diagnosed patients, others only people whose cancer has returned. Studies increasingly welcome older adults and people from communities that have been underrepresented in cancer research, because results need to reflect everyone who actually gets cancer. Eligibility always varies by study.
Some studies offer compensation for time and travel, and study related care is typically provided at no cost to participants. Compensation varies by trial and is always described during the informed consent process before you agree to anything.
Curious whether clinical trials pay participants? Here's how compensation actually works.
Oncology clinical trials are designed to address different aspects of cancer care, including how to treat cancer, prevent it, find it early, or improve the quality of life for people with cancer. The main types are:
Treatment trials test new treatments or new combinations of treatments, such as new drugs, new surgical techniques, or new radiation therapies. The goal is to find more effective ways to treat cancer with fewer side effects.
Prevention trials look for better ways to prevent cancer in people who have never had cancer or to prevent cancer from returning. These trials may include studying medicines, vaccines, vitamins, minerals, or lifestyle changes.
Screening trials test the best way to detect cancer, especially in its early stages. These trials study new examinations or tests that might be more effective, safer, or less invasive than the current standard screening methods.
Quality of life trials (or supportive care trials) explore ways to improve comfort and the quality of life for individuals with advanced cancer and cancer survivors. They may study issues such as managing side effects of treatment, physical, psychological, and social side effects of cancer and its treatment.
Most solid tumors are described with a stage from 0 to IV, based on the TNM system: how large the tumor is (T), whether lymph nodes are involved (N), and whether it has spread, or metastasized (M):
Blood cancers like leukemia use different systems, since there is no single tumor to measure. The practical point for trial seekers: almost every cancer study names the stage it enrolls, right in the title ("locally advanced," "metastatic," "resectable"). Knowing your stage tells you at a glance which studies fit you. Many of the most active research areas, including immunotherapy and targeted therapy, run trials built specifically for stage IV patients.
Enrolling in a cancer clinical trial through our platform is a straightforward and user-friendly process. Here's how to get started: